DXM

DXM (dextromethorphan) is a cough suppressant available in a variety of over-the-counter cough and cold medications. DXM is abused because, when taken in doses that dramatically exceed those recommended by physicians and pharmacists, it produces hallucinations and a sense of dissociation. As an over-the-counter medication, DXM is available in various forms including liquids, lozenges, tablets, capsules, and gel caps.

Individuals who abuse DXM consume much higher doses (typically more than 360 milligrams), which produce hallucinations and dissociative effects similar to those experienced with PCP (phencyclidine) or ketamine. While under the influence of the drug, which can last for as long as 6 hours, DXM abusers risk injuring themselves and others because of the drug's effects on visual perception and cognitive processes.

In addition, individuals who ingest high doses of DXM risk hyperthermia (exceptionally high fever), particularly if they use the drug in a hot environment or while physically exerting themselves---such as at a rave or dance club. Other risks associated with DXM abuse include nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, headache, numbness of fingers and toes, loss of consciousness, seizures, brain damage, and death. Over-the-counter medications containing DXM frequently contain other ingredients that can cause additional health problems.

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